In 2025, the world’s cleanest countries are not just global leaders in environmental health—they are also innovators in climate policy, renewable energy, and sustainable development. These nations have earned top rankings through rigorous assessment by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), which together provide the most authoritative and data-driven evaluations of national environmental performance.

The EPI, developed by Yale and Columbia Universities, uses 58 indicators across 11 categories—ranging from air and water quality to biodiversity and climate policy—to rank 180 countries on how well they meet sustainability targets. The CCPI, meanwhile, evaluates 63 countries and the EU, covering over 90% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and assesses performance in GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy.

These indices are vital tools for policymakers, businesses, and communities, offering a granular view of each country’s strengths and weaknesses, helping to set targets, track trends, and identify best practices for a sustainable future. High-ranking countries benefit from advanced regulatory frameworks, greener infrastructure, and new market opportunities for sustainable technologies. Here’s a closer look at what sets each of the top 10 apart in 2025:

1. Estonia (EPI Score: 75.3)

Estonia leads the world in cleanliness and sustainability, thanks to its extensive forest cover, effective use of bioenergy, and a strong focus on natural resource management. The country has set ambitious climate goals, including a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.

Estonia achieved an 11.3% emissions reduction in late 2024, outpacing the rest of the EU, even as its economy grew. The capital, Tallinn, has become a beacon of urban sustainability, winning the ITB Earth Award 2025 for its zero-waste Song and Dance Celebration, which drastically cut single-use plastics and promoted circular economy practices.

Estonia’s environmental policies have also led to Europe’s cleanest air and ongoing investments in wind, solar, and energy storage. However, the country faces challenges in fully phasing out fossil fuels and balancing biomass production with forest conservation.

2. Luxembourg (EPI Score: 75.0)

Luxembourg stands out as a small nation with outsized environmental achievements, earning an EPI score of 75.0 in 2024 and a 4.1-point rise over the past decade. The country leads the world in water management, boasting a near-perfect score of 90.6 in Water Resources and an astounding 99.8 in Sanitation & Drinking Water. Over 55% of Luxembourg’s land is protected, contributing to a top-tier biodiversity score of 84.8.

The nation’s capital has pioneered green investments, while advanced wastewater treatment and strict EU-aligned standards keep pollution low. While Luxembourg excels in ecosystem vitality and heavy metal pollution control, it continues to work on reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions and curbing tree cover loss.

3. Germany (EPI Score: 74.6)

Germany ranks third globally with an EPI score of 74.6 in 2024, marking a 4.4-point improvement over ten years. The country treats 100% of its urban wastewater, achieving a high 89.1 in Water Resources, and protects a significant share of its land and seas, reflected in its 82.4 Biodiversity & Habitat score.

Germany’s robust environmental policies are complemented by massive investments in green infrastructure and renewable energy. The nation’s cities are recognized for clean air, efficient public transport, and progressive urban planning. Germany’s approach demonstrates that sustainability can go hand in hand with industrial progress, though ongoing industrial emissions remain a challenge.

4. Finland (EPI Score: 73.7)

Finland secures the fourth spot with a 2024 EPI score of 73.7, though this reflects a slight decrease from its 2014 score. The country is a global leader in public health, scoring a perfect 100.0 in both Sanitation & Drinking Water and Heavy Metals. Finland’s well-managed forests, protected natural areas, and clean air contribute to its strong ecosystem vitality.

The nation’s deep cultural connection to nature is evident in its policies, which seamlessly integrate sustainability into daily life. Finland’s challenge lies in maintaining its high standards amid growing urbanization and climate pressures.

5. United Kingdom (EPI Score: 72.7)

The United Kingdom earns an EPI score of 72.7 in 2024, up by 2.1 points over the past decade. The UK has made significant progress in reducing carbon emissions, largely through aggressive wind energy deployment and expanded recycling programs. Urban green spaces and biodiversity conservation have improved city livability and environmental health.

The UK continues to update its climate policies to meet international targets, but faces ongoing challenges with air quality in some metropolitan areas and the need for further emissions reductions.

6. Sweden (EPI Score: 70.5)

Sweden ranks sixth with a 2024 EPI score of 70.5, showing a modest 1.6-point increase over ten years. The country’s energy mix is dominated by hydropower and wind, and it is a pioneer in negative emissions technologies.

Sweden’s cities are models of sustainable urban development, and the nation’s commitment to clean air, water, and biodiversity is unwavering. However, Sweden faces pressure to further reduce emissions from transportation and industry to meet its ambitious climate goals.

7. Norway (EPI Score: 70.0)

Norway holds the seventh position with a 2024 EPI score of 70.0, up 3.6 points over the last decade. The country boasts nearly universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation, and its electricity is almost entirely supplied by hydropower.

Norway’s proactive climate policies and investments in electric mobility and carbon capture have resulted in some of the world’s lowest per capita emissions. The country’s challenge is balancing oil and gas exports with its climate commitments.

8. Austria (EPI Score: 69.0)

Austria scores 69.0 on the 2024 EPI, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.3 points over ten years. The country excels in maintaining clean cities and countryside through strict agricultural and chemical regulations. Austria’s public transport system and urban planning support eco-living, while strong environmental laws ensure high water quality and effective waste management.

Austria’s challenge is to address areas of stagnation and reinvigorate progress on climate adaptation and emissions reduction.

9. Switzerland (EPI Score: 68.0)

Switzerland earns a 2024 EPI score of 68.0, up 1.8 points over the last decade. The country is renowned for its pristine landscapes, robust waste management, and advanced water treatment systems.

Switzerland’s environmental protection laws and public engagement in sustainability initiatives help maintain high living standards and ecological health. However, Switzerland must continue to innovate in renewable energy and reduce its ecological footprint to stay ahead.

10. Denmark (EPI Score: 67.9)

Denmark rounds out the top ten with an EPI score of 67.9 in 2024, a 1.7-point increase over ten years. The nation is a global leader in wind energy and urban planning that prioritizes cycling and green spaces. Denmark’s comprehensive recycling policies and low pollution levels make it a model for clean living. 

The country’s ongoing challenge is to further cut emissions from agriculture and transportation while maintaining economic growth.

How Are These Rankings Determined?

Environmental Performance Index (EPI):

• Uses 58 indicators across 11 categories, including air quality, water and sanitation, biodiversity, habitat protection, and climate policy.
• Weights environmental health (40%) and ecosystem vitality (60%) to reflect both immediate human well-being and long-term sustainability.
• Draws data from the WHO, UN, and other global agencies, providing a scorecard for each country and highlighting leaders and laggards.

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI):

• Assesses four main categories: GHG emissions (40%), renewable energy (20%), energy use (20%), and climate policy (20%).
• Uses 14 indicators, combining quantitative data (from IEA, FAO, UNFCCC) and qualitative expert assessments of national and international climate policy.
• Covers 63 countries and the EU, representing over 90% of global GHG emissions.

These indices are not just academic—they guide policy, inform investment, and help countries benchmark progress toward sustainability goals. High-ranking countries typically have strong regulatory frameworks, transparent governance, and engaged civil societies, making them attractive for sustainable business and investment.

Why Does This Matter?

• Policy Guidance: Countries use EPI and CCPI data to set targets, track trends, and refine environmental policies.
• Business and Investment: High scores signal a favorable environment for green investment and sustainable business operations.
• Public Health: Clean air, water, and effective waste management directly improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.
• Global Leadership: These nations serve as models for others striving to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.

Summary point

As environmental challenges grow increasingly urgent worldwide, the achievements of these top 10 cleanest countries in 2025 offer both inspiration and a practical roadmap for sustainable development. Their success demonstrates that with visionary leadership, innovative technologies, and committed public participation, it is possible to safeguard natural resources, improve public health, and foster economic growth simultaneously.

By learning from their policies and practices, other nations can accelerate their own journeys toward a cleaner, greener, and more resilient future—ensuring a healthier planet for generations to come

In a decisive stride towards digital transformation and enhanced traveler convenience, Kuwait has launched its new e-Visa portal, effective July 2025. The initiative, spearheaded by the Ministry of Interior and reported by Gulf News, positions Kuwait among the Gulf region’s digital frontrunners by streamlining the visa process for visitors from a wide array of countries.

The e-Visa platform, available through e.gov.kw, is open to nationals from most European and North American countries, Australia, Japan, and all Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) residents. This digital gateway welcomes applications for four primary visa categories:

• Tourist Visa (90 days per entry): Welcoming globe-trotters eager to explore Kuwait’s culture and landscape.
• Family Visit Visa (30 days): Easing reunions for relatives of Kuwaiti residents.

• Business Visit Visa (30 days): Facilitating professionals and entrepreneurs attending meetings or forging partnerships.

• Official Visit Visa (30 days): Streamlining entry for government delegations and diplomats.

Each visa category comes with dedicated requirements and a hassle-free, paperless application flow.
Applying for a Kuwaiti entry visa is now entirely digital, removing the need for embassy visits or physical paperwork. The process involves:

1. Registering online via email or government account.
2. Selecting the suitable visa type aligned with the visit's purpose.
3. Zploading essential documents, including:
   A passport bio page (valid for at least 6 months)
   A passport-sized photo on a white background
   Evidence of return flight and hotel bookings
   Sponsor or invitation letters where required
4. Paying visa fees online (ranging from USD 10 to USD 30, depending on nationality).
   Tracking the application using a passport number or reference code.
5. Visa decisions are typically made within 1–3 working days. Approved applicants receive their e-Visas via email, ready for printout or digital presentation upon arrival.

This fully digital system lies at the heart of Kuwait’s Vision 2035, marking a significant leap forward in public service modernization. The move also reflects broader regional goals within the GCC to foster seamless cross-border mobility, reinforcing Kuwait’s commitment to welcoming visitors and investors in a tech-forward, streamlined manner.

Key rules to know include:

• Stay Limits: Tourist visas allow stays of up to 90 days; all other categories permit 30-day visits.
• Eligibility: Open to citizens of approved countries and all GCC residents.
• Visa on Arrival: Still available for some nationalities—however, travelers are encouraged to use the e-Visa system for efficiency.
• Enforcement: Overstays or misuse may result in fines or future entry bans—a firm reminder that digital convenience comes with clear accountability.

With its new e-Visa portal, Kuwait is not only simplifying travel but also setting a digital benchmark in the region—paving the way for smarter, faster, and more welcoming borders.

The European Union is set to revolutionize the Schengen visa application process by making it fully digital by 2028, phasing out the traditional paper-based applications and visa stickers. Instead, a secure, encrypted digital barcode will replace the physical visa sticker, enhancing security, speeding up processing, and embracing technological innovation.

France pioneered this digital move by issuing 70,000 digital Schengen visas with barcodes during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Travelers scan these barcodes at border checkpoints, allowing immigration officials to access personal and visa details through a central EU database. This pilot marked a significant step toward a seamless, contactless travel experience.

From the applicant’s perspective, the entire visa process will be conducted online. Individuals will upload documents, monitor their application's progress, and pay fees digitally through a centralized EU portal. After completing these steps, travelers receive a digitally signed barcode visa. First-time applicants will still need to provide biometric data in person, but repeat travelers whose biometric data have been collected within the past 59 months will enjoy a simplified process.

Applicants must apply through the embassy of their main destination or, for trips involving multiple countries, via the embassy of the country where they will spend the most time or enter first. Most countries use application centers like VFS Global, except Spain, which uses BLS International in India, while France requires appointment booking via the Démarches Simplifiées platform.

 Required documents include a valid passport with at least six months’ validity and two blank pages, a completed application form, photographs, travel insurance with coverage of €30,000 or more, flight and hotel bookings, a cover letter, and financial proof such as recent bank statements or salary slips.

Biometric data—fingerprints and photograph—must be provided during the appointment for first-time applicants and then stored in the EU’s Visa Information System to facilitate future applications. Visa fees generally stand at approximately €80 for adults, €40 for children aged 6 to 12, and are free for children under six, with additional service fees depending on the application center.

Processing times are typically 15 calendar days but can extend to 30 or even 60 days during busy periods or for complex cases. Applicants are advised to apply 30 to 60 days before their trip and avoid last-minute filings to reduce the risk of delays. Embassies like Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia often offer faster processing times and have lower rejection rates.

Applicants should be prepared for the possibility of interviews, especially with embassies such as Germany and France, where questions about their itinerary, finances, and intent to return might be asked.
Changes to the appeals process were introduced in Germany as of July 1, 2025, where informal appeals are no longer permitted, and rejected applications must undergo formal legal procedures. Additionally, Indian nationals who have previously held two Schengen visas within three years may now qualify for multi-year visas valid for two or five years under the EU’s new “cascade” regime.
This digital upgrade not only reduces paperwork and costs but also significantly enhances fraud prevention and border security across the 27 Schengen countries. Travelers can expect a more transparent, streamlined visa application and entry process, embracing the future of travel in Europe with greater convenience and security. For the latest updates, travelers should consult the official EU visa website.

Starting August 1, 2025, Sri Lanka will grant one-year visas to Maldivian nationals, a significant policy shift aimed at strengthening regional tourism and economic cooperation, Foreign Minister Vijitha Herath announced during the 2025 Hotel Show in Colombo. Previously, Maldivians could only obtain short-term visas under certain conditions, limiting travel and stays.

This new visa provision is expected to encourage more frequent visits and longer stays, particularly boosting health tourism, as many Maldivians have historically traveled to Sri Lanka for medical treatment but faced visa-related hurdles that caused a decline in arrivals.

The move comes ahead of Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake’s upcoming official visit to the Maldives, at the invitation of Maldivian President Dr. Mohamed Muizzu, where both sides will engage in high-level discussions to further deepen bilateral ties and explore cooperation opportunities in the hospitality sector.

This policy complements Sri Lanka’s broader tourism revival strategy, which recently included waiving visa fees for tourists from 40 additional countries, including the UK, expanding visa-free access to a total of 47 countries. Although this expansion is expected to reduce direct visa fee revenue by an estimated USD 66 million, the government views it as a strategic investment to stimulate long-term growth in tourist arrivals and economic recovery.

This enhanced visa offering for Maldivians not only strengthens people-to-people connections with a key neighboring country given that Maldives grants visa-free entry to Sri Lankan nationals—but also signals Sri Lanka’s commitment to revitalize its tourism sector by facilitating easier, more sustained travel from the region.

As international travel surges this summer, Emirates has unveiled fresh insights into global travel trends, showing a marked shift towards immersive cultural experiences and lesser-explored destinations. Analysis of booking data and flight searches for July and August reveals where wanderlust is taking travellers in 2025 and the results point to exciting new hotspots across Asia, Europe, and the Indian Ocean.

Overall global flight searches for summer 2025 have risen by 7% compared to last year. France tops the list with a remarkable 35% increase in outbound travel searches, followed closely by Ireland, Canada, and Saudi Arabia. Germany and the UAE also show robust demand, underscoring widespread intent to travel from major hubs.

But it is the Far East and Indian Ocean that really steal the spotlight in Emirates’ summer booking patterns. Vietnam emerges as this year’s breakout star with a phenomenal 61% jump in interest paired with strong booking numbers. Emirates operates 25 weekly flights to three Vietnamese cities Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and new this June, Da Nang via Bangkok offering seamless connections from Europe and key American hubs.

Vietnam’s appeal is multifaceted: its vibrant cities, UNESCO World Heritage sites, and over 3,000 km of unspoiled coastline entice culturally curious travellers and culinary adventurers alike. From bustling street markets to hidden gems, Vietnam promises an authentic feast for the senses.

Not far behind, the tropical island paradise of Mauritius captivates travellers with a 41% rise in flight searches. Emirates offers two daily A380 flights to this idyllic Indian Ocean destination, perfect for those seeking luxury and tranquility.

Sri Lanka also ranks highly with a 32% surge in interest, thanks to its rich culture, pristine beaches, scenic ‘tea country,’ and accessible luxury. Meanwhile, Japan, a perennial favourite, continues to draw travellers with a 28% rise in flight searches. Emirates’ 21 weekly flights connect passengers to Tokyo Narita, Tokyo Haneda, and Osaka, providing gateway access to Japan’s blend of stunning landscapes, modern cities, and renowned cuisine.

Completing the top five, France enjoys a 25% increase in booking demand. Emirates supports this boost robustly, flying 21 weekly routes including three daily A380 flights to Paris, daily A380s to Nice, and a daily A350 service to Lyon helping meet the heightened demand from global travellers.

Travellers in the UAE have increased flight searches by 13%, with rising interest in destinations like Sri Lanka, Jordan, France, India, Lebanon, and Morocco. US-based Emirates customers are increasingly exploring African destinations such as Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa, while UK travellers have ramped up searches by 12%, focusing on far-flung locales like New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Mauritius.

Indian travellers show growing appetite for Australia, New Zealand and Ireland, while Australians plan their European summer adventures with increased interest in France and the UK. German travellers are heading east with rising searches for Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, and the Seychelles.

Longer vacations dominate summer plans, with nearly one-third of travellers from India, Australia, the UK, and Germany extending their trips beyond a month. US travellers typically opt for slightly shorter, 2-3 week getaways.

With inbound passenger traffic projected to remain strong this summer, Dubai continues to affirm its position as a premier global destination year-round. Emirates’ data show solo travellers make up nearly half of visitors from the US, India, and Australia, blending business and leisure in stays averaging just over a week.

Family travel patterns vary by nationality: about one-third of US and Indian visitors arrive with family, with Indian families preferring shorter visits and American families exploring Dubai over 1-2 weeks. UK families usually stay longer than two weeks.

Couples also represent a significant visitor segment, especially younger Australian and German pairs who favor extended stays ranging from two weeks up to a month maximising their time to explore Dubai’s extensive offerings.

Emirates’ data reflects flight searches and bookings on emirates.com for travel between 1 July and 30 August 2025, compared year-over-year.

This summer, with Emirates’ extensive global network, travellers are embracing fresh experiences, new cultures, and longer escapes—proving that the world’s curiosity is as boundless as ever.

Starting July 1, 2025, Armenia has opened its doors visa-free to citizens and residents of all Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. This landmark policy allows GCC passport holders and expatriates with valid residency permits (valid for at least six months) to visit Armenia for tourism, leisure, or business stays of up to 90 days within any 180-day period—without the need for a visa.

This move marks a significant expansion of Armenia’s visa-free regime, which previously applied only to select GCC nationals such as those from the UAE, Qatar, and Kuwait. By extending visa-free access to all GCC countries and their residents, Armenia aims to position itself as an accessible and welcoming destination in the South Caucasus, capitalizing on growing interest among Gulf travellers seeking authentic cultural experiences, scenic landscapes, and unique culinary offerings.

Armenia’s rich historical heritage, including ancient monasteries and vibrant urban culture in its capital Yerevan, combined with its natural beauty such as Lake Sevan and Dilijan National Park make it an attractive choice for GCC visitors. The country’s strategic location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, coupled with direct flights from Gulf carriers like flydubai, Air Arabia, and Wizz Air, further enhances its appeal.

Officials highlight that the visa exemption will not only boost tourism but also strengthen economic and cultural ties between Armenia and the Gulf region, fostering increased business exchanges and investment opportunities. The policy also broadens accessibility for the substantial expatriate communities residing in the GCC, facilitating easier travel and deeper regional connections.

In summary, Armenia’s new visa-free entry for GCC citizens and residents is a strategic step to attract more visitors from the Gulf, offering them hassle-free access to explore its rich culture, stunning landscapes, and business potential starting mid-2025.